A Comprehensive Guide About Islam

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Quran on the Expansion of the Universe
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Allah says:

(And We have built the heavens with Our own hands; and, verily, it is We who are steadily expanding it.) (51:47)

Allah says:

(On that Day We shall roll up the skies as written scrolls are rolled up; [and] as We brought into being the first creation, so We shall bring it forth anew - a promise binding upon Us; for, behold, We are able to do [all things]!!) (21:104)

Allah says:

(On the day when this earth will be changed into another earth, as shall be the heavens and they will all appear before Allah, the One, the Most Supreme) (14:48)

These verses confirm that the universe we live in is continuously expanding in space. If we go back in time, we would find that the entire universe emerged from a primeval atom or cosmic egg. It then exploded by Allah's command and transformed into a cloud of smoke from which the earth and heavens were formed. The universe is continuously expanding in space and will finally stop expanding by Allah's command. Thereafter the universe will collapse upon itself and fuse once more into a primeval atom. The explosion and formation will once more occur, and a heaven, unlike our heaven, and an earth, unlike our earth, will be formed. At this stage, worldly life will come to an end, and life of the Hereafter will commence.

All these stages are mentioned in the Quran. No matter how one tries to expound on this topic all the details discovered through modern science have been mentioned in the Quran which was revealed 1400 years ago! This alone affirms the fact that the Quran can only be the words of Allah and that Muhammad received divine revelation and taught people these facts at a time when no one knew these facts. These facts were not known to man except after many centuries.

Astronomers have discovered that the universe is in continuous motion, and that it is expanding. This was discovered by studying the galaxies and distant celestial bodies. The American astronomer Vesto M. Slipher, who studied the spectra of galaxies, noticed that the spectral lines of a few nearby systems were shifted toward longer wavelengths. This shift in wave-length showed that most galaxies were receding from the Milky Way at several hundred kilometers per second! 15

The American astronomer Edwin Hubble confirmed that the universe was expanding and that the more remote the galaxy the higher was its recession velocity; and that its recession velocity was proportional to its distance.16 With this we see that scholars in astronomy have affirmed that the universe is ever expanding. This expansion will continue until gravity loses its pull and the planets will spread out in the universe, which will result in the end of the world.

Allah says:

(When the sky breaks apart, and when the stars are scattered.) (82:1-2)

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Quran on Celestial Bodies
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Allah says:

(Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that you can see.) (13:2)

Modern day studies of the universe affirm that there is great energy in matter, its components and celestial bodies. Allah can destroy it and recreate it. Scientists have discovered different forms of powerful energy which flow in the heavens and earth. These energies are:

Strong nuclear energy: This energy holds subatomic particles together; which includes protons, electrons and neutrons.
Weak nucleon energy: This nuclear energy causes certain forms of radioactive decay 17.
Electromagnetic energy: This is the energy which ties the atoms together within matter, and which also gives each its respective traits.
Gravity: It is the weakest form of energy known to us, but in the long run, is a focal form of energy, since it keeps all the celestial bodies in their respective positions18.
Allah says:

(And it is He Who has created the night and the day and the sun and the moon - all of them floating through space (in their orbits).) (21:33)

Allah says: (And the sun runs in a fixed course of for a term (appointed). That is the Decree of the All-Mighty, the All-Knowing. And the moon, for which We have determined phases [which it must traverse] till it becomes like an old dried curved date stalk. And neither may the sun overtake the moon, nor can the night usurp the time of the day. They all float, each in an orbit.) (36:38-40)

In these verses Allah states that the sun is traveling towards a certain direction. Previously, it was perceived that the sun was motionless. Modern day cosmologists and astronomers have affirmed that the sun moves in a certain direction. All planets in this solar system move, like satellites. The Earth's orbit is concentric to the orbits of the planets.

Allah says:

(By the heaven full of starry paths.) (51:7)

In Arabic the word 'Hubuk' (i.e. starry paths) has more than one meanings:

Perfection in creation: Astronomers calculate that there are two hundred billion galaxies in the universe (known to man) and about seventy billion trillion stars.19 Each galaxy varies in its size, shape, density, speed at which it is traveling on its axis, its distance from us, and the distance each is from the other, the stages it went through, and its number of stars, and the life of each of their stars.
It also refers to a thing which is perfectly combined and integrated. These awesome numbers regarding the number of galaxies and stars in the known portion of the universe is only 10% of the entire universe. There must be a power which keeps it all together, otherwise it would collapse and fall into chaos. Far removed is Allah from every imperfection, Who said:
(Indeed, Allah holds the heavens and the earth, lest they deviate from their orbits. And if they should ever deviate from their orbits, no one could hold them [in place] after Him. Indeed, He is forbearing and forgiving.) (35:41)

It also refers to the orbits each celestial body floats in: of the amazing thing which has baffled scientists is the vast number of galaxies in the known portion of the universe. This proves that this universe is running in a perfect system.
Allah says:

(It is He who made the sun a [source] of radiant light and the moon a light [reflected], and has determined for it phases so that you may know the number of years and to measure time. Allah has not created this except in truth. He details the signs for a people who know.) (10:5)

The perfect distinction made between light given off by a luminous, fiery body and light reflected from the sun by a dark, cold body (i.e. the moon), which is then reflected in a constant and steady manner (upon the earth) has been mentioned in the Quran over fourteen hundred years ago! This proves that Quran is Divine Revelation from Allah.

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Quran on Air Pressure
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Allah says:

(And whomsoever Allah wills to guide, He opens his breast to Islam, and whomsoever He wills to send astray, He makes his breast closed and constricted, as if he is climbing up to the sky. Thus Allah puts the wrath on those who believe not.) (6:125)

It can be concluded from this verse that the more one ascends into the atmosphere the harder it is for him to breathe. This is due to the reduction in pressure and low oxygen levels. This matter cannot be proven by anyone unless the person ascends up into the sky! This fact was discovered only after humans learnt how to fly and reach heights.

When a person ascends into the sky beyond eight kilometers above sea level he/she would encounter breathing problems due to the lack of oxygen and low air pressure. A problem frequently encountered is hypoxia, which is a low amount of oxygen reaching body tissues. Another problem one may encounter is dysbarism, which is a complex of symptoms resulting from exposure to excessively low or rapidly changing air pressure.20 These two problems would interfere with the normal body functions; therefore, the difficulty in breathing at high elevations can be explained simply as steps taken by the body to protect itself.

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Quran on the Darkness and Upper levels of Space
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Allah says:

(And even if We had opened to them a gateway to heaven and they had ascended, on and on, up to it, they would surely say (in the evening): "Our eyes have been (as if) dazzled (we have not seen any angel or heaven). Nay, we are a people bewitched!) (15:14)

This similitude is amazing, it presents a universal fact which man was previously ignorant of, and only discovered during the age of space exploration in the sixties. The entire universe is engulfed in darkness. Light visible on earth is observed for two hundred kilometers, beyond that, the sun appears a blue disc.

Darkness is to be witnessed in every direction, due to the rarity of water vapor and dust particles. Far removed is Allah from every imperfection Who informed us of this reality.

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Quran on the Atom
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Allah says:

(And nothing is hidden from your Lord (so much as) the weight of an atom on the earth or in the heaven. Nor (is there) what is less than that or what is greater than that but is (written) in a Clear Record.) (10:61)

In this beautiful verse Allah clarifies that nothing is hidden from Him in this universe, no matter how minute it may be. It was believed that the atom was the smallest entity in the universe. After it was split smaller entities were discovered having positive electrical properties, such as protons and negative electrical properties, such as electrons.

In 1939, the German scholars Hahn and Strassmann in the University of Berlin split a uranium atom. With further research particles which are minute may be discovered.

Modern sciences have reached a high level of technical development and scientific advancement in various fields of life. The future still holds for further development. This process will continue until the day of Requital. The collective efforts of all mankind in fields of knowledge will never measure up to or even come close to Allah's knowledge and ability.

Allah the Exalted says "They ask you (O Muhammad) concerning the Ruh (spirit of inspiration). Say:" The Ruh (the Spirit) is one of the things, the knowledge of which is only with my Lord. And of knowledge, you (mankind) have been given only a little.

The knowledge of Allah and his abilities are boundless and unmatchable. Allah in this Quranic verse has laid out a simple explanation for us so that our minds will be able to recognize and absorb the huge difference between his knowledge and ours. Glory be to Allah.

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Qur’an on Human Embryonic Phases
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Allah says regarding the stages the fetus goes through:

((And indeed We created man (Adam) out of an extract of clay (water and earth). Thereafter We made him (the offspring of Adam) as a Nutfah (mixed drops of the male and female sexual discharge) (and lodged it) in a safe lodging (womb of the woman). Then We made the Nutfah into a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood), then We made the clot into a little lump of flesh, then We made out of that lump of flesh bones, then We clothed the bones with flesh, and then We brought it forth as another creation. So blessed be Allah, the Best of creators. After that, surely, you will die. Then [again], surely, you will be resurrected on the Day of Resurrection.)) (23:12-14)


The stages a human passes through are:


Extract of Clay: Adam the father of humankind, was created from clay. This verse does not agree with the theory of evolution which science disproves. This indicates that humans are a distinct creation. Humankind did not evolve from other species.

Mixed sperm: In this stage male and female discharge mix in the womb, the result of which the egg may become fertilized or die by the will of Allah. If the egg becomes fertilized the first stages of creation would commence.

Allah says:

((Indeed, We created man from a sperm-drop mixture that We may try him; and We made him hearing and seeing.)) (76:2)

If the sperm fails to fertilize the ovum, it would be cast out of the womb along with it, but if it fertilizes the egg and creates a zygote, it would cling to the side of the womb in the form of a blastula. If Allah wills that it clings to the womb, it would move onto the Alaqah stage (i.e. a leech like, suspending thing).

Allah says:

((O people, if you should be in doubt about the Resurrection, then [consider that] indeed, We created you from dust, then from a sperm-drop, then from a clinging clot, and then from a lump of flesh, formed and unformed – that We may show you. And We settle in the wombs whom We will for a specified term, then We bring you out as a child, and then [We develop you] that you may reach your [time of] maturity. And among you is he who is taken in [early] death, and among you is he who is returned to the most decrepit [old] age so that he knows, after [once having] knowledge, nothing. And you see the earth barren, but when We send down upon it rain, it quivers and swells and grows [something] of every beautiful kind.)) (22:5)

Indeed it is but a revelation from God!

• Formation of bones.
• Covering of bones with flesh.
• Development of the embryo into a different form, wherein the proportioning of the body takes place and life is breathed into it.

The human embryo goes through a number of stages within three darknesses as

Allah says:

((He created you (all) from a single person (Adam); then made from him his wife [Hawwa' (Eve)]. And He has sent down for you of cattle eight pairs (of the sheep, two, male and female; of the goats, two, male and female; of the oxen, two, male and female; and of the camels, two, male and female). He creates you in the wombs of your mothers, creation after creation in three veils of darkness, such is Allah your Lord. His is the kingdom, Lâ ilâha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He). How then are you turned away?)) (39:6)

This verse states that the embryo is covered in three coverings, referred to as “darknesses” in this verse. Water, air, light and heat cannot penetrate these coverings,nor can they be seen with the naked eye.

Dr. Maurice Bucaille21 said:

‘Modern interpreters of the Qur’an see in this verse the three anatomical layers that protect the infant during gestation: the abdominal wall, the uterus itself, and the surroundings of the fetus (placenta, embryonic membranes, amniotic fluid).’22

The embryo is also placed in a safe place. Allah says:


((Did We not create you from a liquid disdained? And We placed it in a firm lodging [i.e. the womb] for a known extent [determined by gestation]. And We determined [it], and excellent [are We] to determine.)) (77:20-23)


Dr. Gary Miller:23 ‘A reporter asked Professor Keith Moore:24 “Don’t you think that maybe the Arabs might have known about these things - the description of the embryo, its appearance and how it changes and grows? Maybe they were not scientists, but maybe they did some crude dissec-tions on their own - carved up people and examined these things.”


The professor immediately pointed out to him that he [i.e., the reporter] had missed a very important point. All of the slides of the embryo that had been shown and had been projected in the film had come from pictures taken through a microscope. He said, “It does not matter if someone had tried to discover embryology fourteen centuries ago, they could not have seen it!”

All of the descriptions in the Qur’an of the appearance of the embryo are of the item when it is still too small to see with the eye; therefore, one needs a microscope to see it. Since such a device had only been around for little more than two hundred years, Dr. Moore taunted: “Maybe fourteen centuries ago someone secretly had a microscope and did this research, making no mistakes anywhere. Then he somehow taught Muhammad and convinced him to put this information in his book. Then he destroyed his equipment and kept it a secret forever. Do you believe that? You really should not unless you bring some proof because it is such a ridiculous theory.”

When he was asked: “How do you explain this information in the Qur’an?”

Dr. Moore’s reply was: “It could only have been divinely revealed!”’

Dr. Gerald C. Goeringer25 said: “In most, if not all, instances, this description antedates by many centuries the recording of the various stages of human embryonic and fetal development recorded in the traditional scientific literature.”

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Quran on Oceans
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Quran on the Barrier Between Seas
Allah says:

(And it is He Who has let free the two seas (kinds of water): this is palatable and sweet, and that is salty and bitter; and He has set a barrier and a complete partition between them.) (25:53)

The fact that the water of the oceans do not mix with each other, has only been discovered lately by oceanographers. This is due to the physical force called "surface tension"26; therefore, waters of neighboring seas do not mix. It is caused by the difference in the density of their waters; surface tension prevents them from mingling with one another, just as if a thin wall were between them. The Amazon River's water pours into the Atlantic Ocean and yet preserves its traits even after it goes out 200 meters in the Ocean.

Quran on Darkness in the Seas and Internal Waves
Allah says:

(Or [the state of a disbeliever] is like the darkness in a vast deep sea, overwhelmed with waves topped by waves, topped by dark clouds, (layers of) darkness upon darkness: if a man stretches out his hand, he can hardly see it! And he for whom Allah has not appointed light for him there is no light.) (24:40)

It is well-known and affirmed scientifically that in the extreme depths of the ocean there is no light only darkness. The cause for this is that sunrays cannot reach it, for oceans range from a few hundred meters deep to being 11034 meters deep! The darkness in deep seas and oceans is found around a depth of 200 meters and below. At this depth, there is almost no light. Below a depth of 1000 meters there is no light at all. Therefore, most of the sun's rays are absorbed by the water at 100 meters. This portion of the sea is known as the luminous portion. Thereafter 1% of the sun's rays are visible at 150 meters, and 0.01% of the rays at 200 meters.

The ozone layer in the atmosphere reflects most of the ultra-violet rays, whereas the clouds reflect 30% and absorbs 19% of these rays. Only 51% of these rays reach the sea; between 3 and 30 % of the sunlight is reflected at the sea surface. Then almost all of the seven colors of the light spectrum are absorbed one after another in the first 200 meters, except the blue light.

Quran on Internal Waves
Scientists have recently discovered that there are internal waves which "occur on density interfaces between layers of different densities"28. The internal waves cover the deep waters of seas and oceans because the deep waters have a higher density than the waters above them. Internal waves act like surface waves. They can also break, just like surface waves. Internal waves cannot be seen by the human eye, but they can be detected by studying temperature or salinity changes at a given location.

For example, Mediterranean Sea's water is warm, saline, and less dense, compared to Atlantic Ocean's water. When Mediterranean water enters the Atlantic over the Gibraltar sill, it moves several hundred kilometers into the Atlantic at a depth of about 1000 meters with its own warm, saline, and less dense characteristics. The Mediterranean water stabilizes at this depth although there are large waves, strong currents, and tides in these seas, they do not mix or transgress this barrier.

This information has only been known to us in this age, with the advanced technology and equipment available to view this. The Prophet lived in a desert climate far from the ocean, and he did not travel across any oceans and the fact that the Quran gives such detailed information on this, is in fact a firm proof of the veracity of the Quran.

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Quran on Formation of Clouds and Rain
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Allah says:

(And it is He Who sends the winds as heralds of glad tidings, going before His Mercy (rain). Till when they have carried a heavy-laden cloud, We drive it to a land that is dead, then We cause water (rain) to descend thereon. Then We produce every kind of fruit therewith. Similarly, We shall raise up the dead, so that you may remember or take heed.) (7:57)

Allah says:

(And We send the winds fertilizing (to fill heavily the clouds with water), then cause the water (rain) to descend from the sky, and We give it to you to drink, and it is not you who are the owners of its stores [i.e. to give water to whom you like or to withhold it from whom you like].) (15:22)

Modern science has affirmed the scientific points mentioned in this verse of the Quran. The winds carry water particles which are rich in salt up into the atmosphere; these particles which are called 'aerosols' function as water traps and form cloud drops by collecting around the water vapor themselves.

The clouds are formed from water vapor that condenses around the salt crystals or dust particles in the air. Because the water droplets in these clouds are very small (with a diameter between 0.01 and 0.02 mm), the clouds are suspended in the air, and spread across the sky.29 Thus, the sky is covered in clouds. The water particles that surround salt crystals and dust particles thicken and form raindrops, so drops that become heavier than the air leave the clouds and start to fall to the ground as rain. Allah says:

(See you not that Allah drives the clouds gently, then joins them together, then makes them into a heap of layers, and you see the rain comes forth from between them; and He sends down from the sky hail (like) mountains, (or there are in the heaven mountains of hail from where He sends down hail), and strikes therewith whom He wills, and averts it from whom He wills. The vivid flash of its (clouds) lightening nearly blinds the sight.) (24:43)

Rain clouds are formed and shaped according to definite systems and stages. The formation stages of cumulonimbus -a type of rain cloud- are:

(A) 1st Stage (b) 2nd Stage © 3rd Stage

1st stage: Being driven along: Clouds are carried along, that is, they are driven along, by the wind.
2nd stage: Joining: Then, small clouds (cumulus clouds) driven along by the wind join together, forming a larger cloud.
3rd stage: Stacking: When the small clouds join together, updrafts within the larger cloud increase. The updrafts near the centre of the cloud are stronger than those near the edges. These updrafts cause the cloud body to grow vertically, so the cloud is stacked up. This vertical growth causes the cloud body to stretch into cooler regions of the atmosphere, where drops of water and hail formulate and begin to grow larger and larger. When these drops of water and hail become too heavy for the updrafts to support them, they begin to fall from the cloud as rain, hail, etc.
A cloud becomes electrified as hail falls through a region in the cloud of super-cooled droplets and ice crystals. As liquid droplets collide with a hailstone, they freeze on contact and release latent heat. This keeps the surface of the hailstone warmer than that of the surrounding ice crystals.

When the hailstone comes in contact with an ice crystal, an important phenomenon occurs: electrons flow from the colder object toward the warmer object. Hence, the hailstone becomes negatively charged. The same effect occurs when super-cooled droplets come in contact with a hailstone and tiny splinters of positively charged ice break off. These lighter positively charged particles are then carried to the upper part of the cloud by updrafts.

The hail, falls towards the bottom of the cloud, thus the lower part of the cloud becomes negatively charged. These negative charges are then discharged as lightning. We conclude from this that hail is the major factor in producing lightning.30

Allah says:

(And thunder glorifies and praises Him, and so do the angels because of His Awe. He sends the thunderbolts, and therewith He strikes whom He wills, yet they (disbelievers) dispute about Allah. And He is Mighty in strength and Severe in punishment.) (13:13)

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Quran on Animals
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Allah says:

(And verily! In the cattle, there is a lesson for you. We give you to drink of that which is in their bodies, from between the undigested food and blood, pure milk; palatable to the drinkers.) (16:66)

Maurice Bucaille said:

'From a scientific point of view, physiological notions must be called upon to grasp the meaning of this verse. The substances that ensure the general nutrition of the body come from chemical transformations which occur along the length of the digestive tract. These substances come from the contents of the intestine. On arrival in the intestine at the appropriate stage of chemical transformation, they pass through its wall and towards the systemic circulation. This passage is effected in two ways: either directly, by what are called the 'lymphatic vessels', or indirectly, by the portal circulation. This conducts them first to the liver, where they undergo alterations, and from here they then emerge to join the systemic circulation. In this way everything passes through the bloodstream.

The constituents of milk are secreted by the mammary glands. These are nourished, as it were, by the product of food digestion brought to them via the bloodstream. Blood therefore plays the role of collector and conductor of what has been extracted from food, and it brings nutrition to the mammary glands, the producers of milk, as it does to any other organ.

Here the initial process which sets everything else in motion is the bringing together of the contents of the intestine and blood at the level of the intestinal wall itself. This very precise concept is the result of the discoveries made in the chemistry and physiology of the digestive system. It was totally unknown at the time of Prophet Muhammad and has been understood only in recent times. I consider that the existence in the Quran of the verse referring to these concepts can have no human explanation on account of the period in which they were formulated.'31

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Quran on Mountains
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Allah says:

(Have We not made the earth as a bed, and the mountains as pegs?) (78:6-7)

Scientists explain the importance of mountains as being pegs which stabilize the earth saying:

'Mountains have underlying roots. These roots are deeply embedded in the ground, thus, mountains have a shape like a peg. The earth's crust is thirty to sixty kilometers deep, this being known due to the seismograph. Also, it is known due to this machine that every mountain has an underlying root, which stabilizes the crust of the earth with the underlying layers, and prevents the earth from shaking. Therefore, the mountain is similar to a nail, which holds different pieces of wood together.'32

Allah says: (And He has affixed into the earth, mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with you; and rivers and roads, that you may guide yourselves.) (16:15)

Modern science attests to the fact that mountains are distributed evenly and perfectly on earth, which also stabilizes the earth especially those mountains which the geologists call: 'Asymmetrical Mountain Range' which are to be found in every continent.33 How can an unlettered man, whose nation was mostly unlettered, know these facts!